Umlando we-Thermistor nesingeniso
I-NTC thermistor isifinyezo se-Negative Temperature Coefficient thermistor.Thermistor =Thermi-ally sensitive resistor, kwatholwa ngo-1833 nguMichael Faraday, owayecwaninga nge-silver sulfide semiconductors, waqaphela ukuthi ukumelana nesiliva sulfide kwehla njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, kwase kudayiswa nguSamuel Reuben ngawo-1930, ososayensi bathola ukuthi i-cuprous oxide ne-copper oxide nayo ine-coefficient ye-temperature engalungile kanye nokusebenza kwesekethe ye-aviation complementation. Kamuva, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-transistor, intuthuko enkulu yenziwe ocwaningweni lwama-thermistors, futhi ngo-1960, ama-thermistors e-NTC athuthukiswa, ingeyesigaba esikhulu se-thermistors.izingxenye ze-passive.
I-NTC Thermistor iwuhlobo lweisici esishisayo se-ceramic semiconductoregxilwa ngama-oxide ensimbi amaningi, ngokuyinhloko i-Mn(manganese), i-Ni(nickel), i-Co(cobalt) njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, i-Mn3-xMxO4 (M=Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, njll.) iyinto ene-Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC), okungukuthi, ukumelana kuncipha.ngokucacilengezinga lokushisa elikhulayo. Ikakhulukazi, ukumelana nokungaguquguquki kwempahla kuyahlukahluka ngengxenye yokwakheka kwezinto, umoya we-sintering, izinga lokushisa le-sintering nesimo sesakhiwo.
Ngoba inani layo lokumelana liyashintshangokuqondilefuthingokubikezelaekuphenduleni izinguquko ezincane ekushiseni komzimba (Izinga lokushintsha kwawo ukumelana lincike kokuhlukileukwakheka kwepharamitha), futhi ihlangene, izinzile futhi izwela kakhulu, isetshenziswa kakhulu kumadivayisi ezwa izinga lokushisa ezindlini ezihlakaniphile, ama-medical probe, kanye nakumadivaysi okulawula izinga lokushisa ezinto zikagesi zasendlini, ama-smartphone, njll., futhi eminyakeni yamuva isetshenziswe ngobuningi ezimotweni nasezinkundleni zamandla amasha.
1. Izincazelo Eziyisisekelo kanye Nezimiso Zokusebenza
Iyini i-NTC Thermistor?
■ Incazelo:I-Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistor iyingxenye ye-ceramic ye-semiconductor encipha ukumelana kwayo.ngokucacilenjengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa, isinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa, kanye nokucindezela kwamanje kwe-inrush.
■ Isimiso sokusebenza:Kwenziwe ngama-oxide ensimbi eguquguqukayo (isb, i-mangan ese, i-cobalt, i-nickel), izinguquko kuzinga lokushisa zishintsha ukugxila kwenkampani yenethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwempahla, okuholela ekushintsheni kokumelana.
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezinhlobo Zenzwa Yokushisa
| Uhlobo | Isimiso | Izinzuzo | Ukubi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-NTC | Ukumelana kuyahlukahluka nezinga lokushisa | Ukuzwela okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi | Okukhiphayo okungalayini |
| I-RTD | Ukumelana nezinsimbi kuyahlukahluka ngezinga lokushisa | Ukunemba okuphezulu, umugqa omuhle | Izindleko eziphakeme, impendulo ehamba kancane |
| Thermocouple | Umphumela we-Thermoelectric (i-voltage ekhiqizwa umehluko wezinga lokushisa) | Ibanga lokushisa elibanzi (-200°C kuya ku-1800°C) | Idinga isinxephezelo sendawo ebandayo, isignali ebuthakathaka |
| Inzwa Yezinga Lokushisa Yedijithali | Iguqula izinga lokushisa libe okukhiphayo kwedijithali | Ukuhlanganiswa okulula nama-microcontroller, ukunemba okuphezulu | Ibanga lokushisa elilinganiselwe, izindleko eziphezulu kune-NTC |
| I-LPTC (Linear PTC) | Ukumelana kukhula ngokuhambisana nezinga lokushisa | Ukukhishwa komugqa okulula, okulungele ukuvikela izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kwamandla | Ukuzwela okunomkhawulo, ububanzi bohlelo lokusebenza obuncane |
2. Amapharamitha Wokusebenza Okubalulekile kanye Namagama
Amapharamitha angu-Core
■ Ukumelana Noqobo (R25):
Ukumelana namandla aziro ku-25°C, kuvame ukusuka ku-1kΩ kuye ku-100kΩ.XIXITRONICSkungenziwa egcizelele ukuhlangabezana ne-0.5～5000kΩ
■B Inani (Inkomba ye-Thermal):
Incazelo: B = (T1 · T2)/(T2-T1) · ln(R1/R2), okubonisa ukuzwela kokumelana nezinguquko zokushisa (iyunithi: K).
Ibanga lenani elijwayelekile B: 3000K kuya ku-4600K (isb, B25/85=3950K)
I-XIXITRONICS ingenziwa ngezifiso ukuthi ihlangabezane ne-2500～5000K
■ Ukunemba (Ukubekezelelana):
Ukuchezuka kwenani lokumelana (isb, ±1%, ±3%) kanye nokunemba kwesilinganiso sezinga lokushisa (isb, ±0.5°C).
I-XIXITRONICS ingenziwa ngezifiso ukuthi ihlangabezane no-±0.2℃ ebangeni lika-0℃kuya ku-70℃, ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kungafinyelela ku-0.05℃.
■I-Disipation Factor (δ):
Ipharamitha ekhombisa imiphumela yokuzishisisa, ikalwa nge-mW/°C (amanani aphansi asho ukuzishisa okuncane).
■I-Time Constant (τ):
Isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze i-thermistor iphendule ku-63.2% wokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa (isb., imizuzwana emi-5 emanzini, imizuzwana engu-20 emoyeni).
Imigomo Yezobuchwepheshe
■ I-Steinhart-Hart Equation:
Imodeli yezibalo echaza ubudlelwano bokumelana nezinga lokushisa lama-thermistors e-NTC:
(T: Izinga lokushisa eliphelele, R: Resistance, A/B/C: Constants)
■ α (I-Temperature Coefficient):
Izinga lokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kweyunithi ngayinye:
■ Ithebula le-RT (Ithebula Lokumelana Nokushisa):
Ithebula lesithenjwa elibonisa amanani okumelana ajwayelekile kumazinga okushisa ahlukene, asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa noma ukwakheka kwesekethe.
3. Izicelo Ezijwayelekile Ze-NTC Thermistors
Izinkambu Zohlelo
1. Ukukalwa kwezinga lokushisa:
o Imishini yasendlini (ama-air conditioner, amafriji), okokusebenza kwemboni, ezezimoto (iphakethe lebhethri/ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lemoto).
2. Isinxephezelo Sezinga Lokushisa:
oInxephezela ukukhukhuleka kwezinga lokushisa kwezinye izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi (isb., ama-crystal oscillator, ama-LED).
3. Ukucindezela Kwamanje Kwe-Inrush:
oUkusebenzisa ukumelana nokubanda okuphezulu ukuze kukhawulwe inrush yamanje ngesikhathi sokuqalisa amandla.
Izibonelo Zomklamo Wesifunda
• I-Voltage Divider Circuit:
(Izinga lokushisa libalwa ngokufunda i-voltage nge-ADC.)
• Izindlela zomugqa:
Ukwengeza ama-resistant angaguquki kuchungechunge/okuhambisanayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe okukhiphayo okungekona umugqa kwe-NTC (faka phakathi imidwebo yesekethe yereferensi).
4. Izinsiza Zobuchwepheshe Namathuluzi
Izinsiza Zamahhala
•Datasheets:Bandakanya amapharamitha anemininingwane, ubukhulu, nezimo zokuhlola.
•RT Ithebula le-Excel ( PDF ) Isifanekiso: Ivumela amakhasimende ukuthi abheke ngokushesha amanani okumelana nezinga lokushisa.
oUkucatshangelwa Kwedizayini ye-NTC ekuvikelweni kwezinga lokushisa kwebhethri ye-Lithium
oUkuthuthukisa Ukunemba Kwesilinganiso Sezinga Lokushisa Se-NTC Ngokukalwa Kwesofthiwe
Amathuluzi aku-inthanethi
• B I-Value Calculator:Faka i-T1/R1 kanye ne-T2/R2 ukuze ubale inani elingu-B.
•Ithuluzi Lokuguqula Izinga lokushisa: Ukumelana nokokufaka ukuze uthole izinga lokushisa elihambisanayo (isekela isibalo se-Steinhart-Hart).
5. Amathiphu Edizayini (Onjiniyela)
• Gwema Amaphutha Okuzishisisa:Qinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwamanje kungaphansi kwesilinganiso esiphezulu esishiwo kumininingwane yedatha (isb., 10μA).
• Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo:Ngezindawo eziswakeme noma ezibolayo, sebenzisa ama-NTC afakwe ingilazi noma ama-epoxy-coated.
• Izincomo Zokulinganisa:Thuthukisa ukunemba kwesistimu ngokwenza ukulinganisa kwamaphoyinti amabili (isb, 0°C no-100°C).
6.Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
1. Q: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-NTC ne-PTC thermistors?
o A: Ama-thermistors e-PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) anyusa ukumelana nezinga lokushisa futhi avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela i-overcurrent, kuyilapho ama-thermistors e-NTC asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa nesinxephezelo.
2. Q: Ungakhetha kanjani inani elifanele lika-B?
o A: Amanani aphezulu ka-B (isb., B25/85=4700K) anikeza ukuzwela okuphezulu futhi afanele amazinga okushisa amancane, kuyilapho amanani aphansi ka-B (isb., B25/50=3435K) angcono kumazinga okushisa abanzi.
3. Q: Ingabe ubude bezintambo buthinta ukunemba kwesilinganiso?
oA: Yebo, izintambo ezinde zethula ukumelana okwengeziwe, okunganxeshezelwa ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuxhuma izintambo ezi-3 noma ezine.
Amanani ethu anokuncintisana kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nawaseYurophu, eMelika, eJapan naseNingizimu Korea, asezingeni eliphakathi neChina.
Ngokombono wezindleko ezishibhile, ama-thermistors nezinzwa zokushisa ezikhiqizwe inkampani yethu ziyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ngamapharamitha avamile wama-thermistors noma ama-chips, ngokuvamile sinesitoko futhi singawaletha zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-3.
Ama-chips akhethekile anamapharamitha enziwe ngokwezifiso adinga umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqiza wezinsuku ezingama-21.
Kuzinzwa ezijwayelekile, ukukhiqizwa kokuqala kudinga amayunithi ayi-100 kuye kwayi-1000 kuzothatha izinsuku eziyi-7-15. Ukukhiqizwa kwesibili kwamayunithi ayi-10,000 kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-7.
Izinzwa ezikhethekile noma ezenziwe ngezifiso zizohluka kuye ngomjikelezo wokuthenga wezinto zokusetshenziswa
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